Le Hardsoft

The following list describes each of the ChkDsk stages.

ChkDsk performs stages 4 and 5 if you specify the /r parameter when you run ChkDsk.

• Stage 1: ChkDsk verifies each file record segment in the Master File Table

 During stage 1, ChkDsk examines each file record segment in the volume's Master File Table (MFT).

A specific file record segment in the MFT uniquely identifies every file and directory on an NTFS volume.

The percentage complete that ChkDsk displays during this phase is the percentage of the MFT that has been verified.
 

• Stage 2: ChkDsk checks the directories in the volume

During stage 2, ChkDsk examines each of the indexes (directories) on the volume for internal consistency and verifies that every file and directory represented by a file record segment in the MFT is referenced by at least one directory.

ChkDsk also confirms that every file or subdirectory referenced in each directory actually exists as a valid file record segment in the MFT and checks for circular directory references.

ChkDsk then confirms that the timestamps and the file size information associated with files are up to date in the directory listings for those files.
The percentage complete that ChkDsk displays during this phase is the percentage of the total number of files on the volume that are checked.

• Stage 3: ChkDsk verifies the security descriptors for each volume

During stage 3, ChkDsk examines each of the security descriptors associated with each file and directory on the volume by verifying that each security descriptor structure is well formed and internally consistent.

The percentage complete that ChkDsk displays during this phase is the percentage of the number of files and directories on the volume that are checked.

• Stage 4: ChkDsk verifies file data

During stage 4 (which is optional), ChkDsk verifies all clusters in use. 

The /r parameter confirms that the sectors in each cluster are usable.

Specifying the /r parameter is usually not necessary, because NTFS identifies and remaps bad sectors during the course of normal operations, but you can use the /r parameter if you suspect the disk has bad sectors.
The percentage complete that ChkDsk displays during stage 4 is based on the percentage of used clusters that are checked. 

• Stage 5: ChkDsk verifies free space

During stage 5 , ChkDsk verifies unused clusters.

  The percentage complete that ChkDsk displays during stage 5 is the percentage of unused clusters that are checked.

https://sourcedaddy.com/windows-7/chkdsk-process-ntfs-volumes.html

To Read Event Viewer Logs for Chkdsk in Event Viewer

1. eventvwr.msc,  to open Event Viewer.
2. In the left pane of Event Viewer, expand open Windows Logs, click/tap on Application, right click or press and hold on Application, and click/tap on Filter Current Log.

3. Check Chkdsk and Wininit in the Event sources drop down,

To Read Latest Event Viewer Log for Chkdsk in PowerShell

To create CHKDSKResults.txt file on your desktop containing log)

get-winevent -FilterHashTable @{logname="Application"; id="1001"}| ?{$_.providername –match "wininit"} | fl timecreated, message | out-file Desktop\CHKDSKResults.txt

https://www.tenforums.com/tutorials/40822-read-chkdsk-log-event-viewer-windows-10-a.html